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The T-90 is the most modern main battle tank currently in service with the Russian Army

The T-90 Main Battle Tank (MBT) is a further development of the T-72. It was adopted by the Russian Army in 1993 and its low-rate production commenced in 1994. Currently Russian Army operates around 750 - 1 000 of these MBTs of all variants. It is the most modern tank currently in service with the Russian Army, which has a requirement for around 1 500 of these tanks. Also currently it is the only mass-produced MBT in Russia. The T-90 is considered to be among the 10 best main battle tanks in the world. Currently it is the most commercially successful main battle tank on the global market. Export operators are Algeria (305), Azerbaijan (114), Turkmenistan (40) and Venezuela (50~100). The largest export operator is India which ordered 1 657 T-90S tanks. This Indian order included 248 tanks delivered from Russia, 409 tanks assembled locally from knock-down kits and another 1 000 tanks are being license-produced in India. Production was planned to be completed in 2020. Iraq recently ordered 73 of these Russian main battle tanks. Deliveries commenced in 2018. Vietnam ordered another 64 units.

The T-90 saw action during the military conflicts in Ukraine and Syria.

The T-90 MBT uses a well proven chassis of the T-72 and turret with all weapon systems of the T-80U.

It has a welded composite armor hull with a built-in Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor blocks. Its protection is enhanced by Shtora-1 countermeasures system, which significantly reduces the chance of being hit by enemy anti-tank guided missiles with semi-automatic guidance. Early production tanks had a cast turret.

The T-90 main battle tank is a armed with a fully-stabilized 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore gun. Effective range of fire with APFSDS round is 2 000-3 000 m day and 2 000-2 600 m at night. Armor penetration is around 590-630 mm at 2 000 m range.

This tank can also launch 9M119M Refleks (NATO designation AT-11 Sniper-B) anti-tank guided missiles, in the same manner, as ordinary munitions. These missiles have a range of 4-5 km and can also engage low-flying helicopters. Missiles use a semi-automatic laser guidance and have a claimed hit probability of 80% at 4 000 m range and 70% at 5 000 m range. Maximum rate of fire is 6-8 rounds per minute. However judging by recent tank biathlons in Russia it turned out that these guided missiles have a hit probability against stationary targets of only around 50%. These missiles will be even less accurate against moving targets.

Main gun of the T-90 is completed with a carousel-type autoloader. A total of 22 rounds are carried in the autoloader and are ready to fire. However remaining ammunition is stored in the main compartment, rather than a separate compartment with a blow-out panels. This drawback was common to all Cold War era Soviet main battle tanks. Once the armor is penetrated it can trigger detonation of onboard ammunition.

Secondary armament consists of a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and a roof mounted remotely-controlled 12.7 mm machine gun, used against both ground and air targets.

Fire control system of the T-90 was adequate for the 1990s. However currently it can not match similar systems of modern main battle tanks. The T-90 lacks advanced sights with thermal vision, as well as panoramic commander's sight, which would allow to detect and engage targets faster.

This tank is operated by a crew of three, including commander, gunner and driver.

Initially production T-90 tanks were powered by a V-84MS multi-fuel diesel engine, developing 840 horsepower. However soon after the introduction, production switched to improved versions, powered by a V-92 engine, developing 1 000 hp. This Russian MBT is also completed with an auxiliary power unit, which powers all systems, when the main engine is turned off. It is worth mentioning that the original T-90 has a lower power-to-weight ration than most current MBTs, hence its vague mobility performance. Vehicle is fitted with a deep wading kit, that can be installed by tank's crew within 20 minutes. The T-90 is also fitted with a self-entrenching blade.

This main battle tank has undergone continuous upgrades since it was first developed in the early 1990s.

Variants

T-90K command tank. It was adopted in 1994. It was fitted with additional radios and had a navigation equipment.

T-90S export variant (sometimes referred as the T-90E), powered by a V-92 diesel engine, developing 1 000 horsepower.

T-90SK command variant of the export version.

T-90 Bhishma or Bheeshma. It is an Indian license-built variant in service with the Indian army. It lacks Shtora countermeasures system, but retains the 9K119M Refleks ATGM capability. It is also powered by the 1 000 hp diesel engine.

T-90A improved Russian Army variant, fitted with a V-92 diesel engine, developing 1 000 hp. It also has some minor improvements comparing with original model. Russian Army acquired over 400 of these MBTs. By 2020 only 186 of these tanks were reportedly in operational service.

T-90MS Tagil a recent version with some improvements, such as new turret, new composite armor, new Relikt explosive reactive armor, new V-92S2F engine developing 1 130 hp, new gun, updated observation and aiming systems.

T-90M is an upgraded version for the older Russian Army T-90A tanks. It has some components of the T-90MS Tagil, such as Relikt add-on explosive reactive armor, new observation and aiming systems, added remotely controlled weapon station and some other improvements. Also it is armed with a new 2A46M-4 gun, which is 15-20% more accurate. This tank is powered by a 1 000 hp engine. This upgraded version was first publicly revealed in 2017. During the same year a contract was signed to deliver a first batch of 20 newly-built T-90M tanks. Deliveries to the Russian Army reportedly began in 2019.

MTU-90 armored bridgelayer. It was designed to launch bridge across trenches and water obstacles in combat conditions.

IMR-3 armored engineer vehicle. Initially it was referred as the IMR-2MA. It carries the same equipment as the IMR-2 series vehicles. However it uses chassis of the T-90, rather than T-72 tank. Its production commenced in 1996. Deliveries to the Russian Army commenced in 1999.

BMR-3M mine clearing vehicle.

UBIM armored engineer vehicle. It was designed to replace a whole host of different older machines, such as armored engineer vehicles and tracklayers. It can also perform functions of mine clearing and armored recovery vehicles. This machine is operated by a crew of 2 and can carry 3 engineers, sappers or dismounts. It is powered by a V-92S2F engine, developing 1 130 hp. The UBIM was first publicly revealed in 2018.

The T-90 is the most modern main battle tank currently in service with the Russian Army

The T-90 Main Battle Tank (MBT) is a further development of the T-72. It was adopted by the Russian Army in 1993 and its low-rate production commenced in 1994. Currently Russian Army operates around 750 - 1 000 of these MBTs of all variants. It is the most modern tank currently in service with the Russian Army, which has a requirement for around 1 500 of these tanks. Also currently it is the only mass-produced MBT in Russia. The T-90 is considered to be among the 10 best main battle tanks in the world. Currently it is the most commercially successful main battle tank on the global market. Export operators are Algeria (305), Azerbaijan (114), Turkmenistan (40) and Venezuela (50~100). The largest export operator is India which ordered 1 657 T-90S tanks. This Indian order included 248 tanks delivered from Russia, 409 tanks assembled locally from knock-down kits and another 1 000 tanks are being license-produced in India. Production was planned to be completed in 2020. Iraq recently ordered 73 of these Russian main battle tanks. Deliveries commenced in 2018. Vietnam ordered another 64 units.

The T-90 saw action during the military conflicts in Ukraine and Syria.

The T-90 MBT uses a well proven chassis of the T-72 and turret with all weapon systems of the T-80U.

It has a welded composite armor hull with a built-in Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor blocks. Its protection is enhanced by Shtora-1 countermeasures system, which significantly reduces the chance of being hit by enemy anti-tank guided missiles with semi-automatic guidance. Early production tanks had a cast turret.

Image resizer 1 3 – ultimate photo resizer tool installer. The T-90 main battle tank is a armed with a fully-stabilized 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore gun. Effective range of fire with APFSDS round is 2 000-3 000 m day and 2 000-2 600 m at night. Armor penetration is around 590-630 mm at 2 000 m range.

This tank can also launch 9M119M Refleks (NATO designation AT-11 Sniper-B) anti-tank guided missiles, in the same manner, as ordinary munitions. These missiles have a range of 4-5 km and can also engage low-flying helicopters. Missiles use a semi-automatic laser guidance and have a claimed hit probability of 80% at 4 000 m range and 70% at 5 000 m range. Maximum rate of fire is 6-8 rounds per minute. However judging by recent tank biathlons in Russia it turned out that these guided missiles have a hit probability against stationary targets of only around 50%. These missiles will be even less accurate against moving targets.

Main gun of the T-90 is completed with a carousel-type autoloader. A total of 22 rounds are carried in the autoloader and are ready to fire. However remaining ammunition is stored in the main compartment, rather than a separate compartment with a blow-out panels. This drawback was common to all Cold War era Soviet main battle tanks. Once the armor is penetrated it can trigger detonation of onboard ammunition.

Secondary armament consists of a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and a roof mounted remotely-controlled 12.7 mm machine gun, used against both ground and air targets.

Fire control system of the T-90 was adequate for the 1990s. However currently it can not match similar systems of modern main battle tanks. The T-90 lacks advanced sights with thermal vision, as well as panoramic commander's sight, which would allow to detect and engage targets faster.

This tank is operated by a crew of three, including commander, gunner and driver. Document writer pro 1 6 1 download free.

Initially production T-90 tanks were powered by a V-84MS multi-fuel diesel engine, developing 840 horsepower. However soon after the introduction, production switched to improved versions, powered by a V-92 engine, developing 1 000 hp. This Russian MBT is also completed with an auxiliary power unit, which powers all systems, when the main engine is turned off. It is worth mentioning that the original T-90 has a lower power-to-weight ration than most current MBTs, hence its vague mobility performance. Vehicle is fitted with a deep wading kit, that can be installed by tank's crew within 20 minutes. The T-90 is also fitted with a self-entrenching blade.

This main battle tank has undergone continuous upgrades since it was first developed in the early 1990s.

Variants

T-90K command tank. It was adopted in 1994. It was fitted with additional radios and had a navigation equipment.

T-90S export variant (sometimes referred as the T-90E), powered by a V-92 diesel engine, developing 1 000 horsepower.

T-90SK command variant of the export version.

T-90 Bhishma or Bheeshma. It is an Indian license-built variant in service with the Indian army. It lacks Shtora countermeasures system, but retains the 9K119M Refleks ATGM capability. Arriving 2 0 – track packages from over 100 carriers. It is also powered by the 1 000 hp diesel engine.

T-90A improved Russian Army variant, fitted with a V-92 diesel engine, developing 1 000 hp. It also has some minor improvements comparing with original model. Russian Army acquired over 400 of these MBTs. By 2020 only 186 of these tanks were reportedly in operational service.

T-90MS Tagil a recent version with some improvements, such as new turret, new composite armor, new Relikt explosive reactive armor, new V-92S2F engine developing 1 130 hp, new gun, updated observation and aiming systems.

T-90M is an upgraded version for the older Russian Army T-90A tanks. It has some components of the T-90MS Tagil, such as Relikt add-on explosive reactive armor, new observation and aiming systems, added remotely controlled weapon station and some other improvements. Also it is armed with a new 2A46M-4 gun, which is 15-20% more accurate. This tank is powered by a 1 000 hp engine. This upgraded version was first publicly revealed in 2017. During the same year a contract was signed to deliver a first batch of 20 newly-built T-90M tanks. Deliveries to the Russian Army reportedly began in 2019.

MTU-90 armored bridgelayer. It was designed to launch bridge across trenches and water obstacles in combat conditions.

IMR-3 armored engineer vehicle. Initially it was referred as the IMR-2MA. It carries the same equipment as the IMR-2 series vehicles. However it uses chassis of the T-90, rather than T-72 tank. Its production commenced in 1996. Deliveries to the Russian Army commenced in 1999.

BMR-3M mine clearing vehicle.

UBIM armored engineer vehicle. It was designed to replace a whole host of different older machines, such as armored engineer vehicles and tracklayers. It can also perform functions of mine clearing and armored recovery vehicles. This machine is operated by a crew of 2 and can carry 3 engineers, sappers or dismounts. It is powered by a V-92S2F engine, developing 1 130 hp. The UBIM was first publicly revealed in 2018.